What is CEFR and What is it Used For?

If you’ve ever taken an English language course or exam, you’ve probably come across the term CEFR. The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is a widely recognized system used to assess and describe language proficiency. Whether you’re a student, teacher, or language enthusiast, understanding CEFR can help you track language learning progress and set clear goals.

In this all-in-one guide, we’ll explain what CEFR is, how it works, and how you can use it to evaluate English language proficiency levels. We’ll also provide examples and useful resources to help you make the most out of this system.

What is CEFR?

The CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) is a standardized guideline used to measure and categorize language proficiency across six levels. These levels help individuals, educational institutions, and employers assess how well someone can use a language in various real-life contexts.

The six CEFR levels are:

• A1: Beginner
• A2: Elementary
• B1: Intermediate
• B2: Upper Intermediate
• C1: Advanced
• C2: Proficient

The CEFR not only assesses speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills but also emphasizes practical usage of the language in everyday situations.

CEFR Levels Explained with Examples

Here’s a breakdown of each CEFR level with real-life examples to clarify what each one means in practice.

A1 – Beginner

At the A1 level, a person can:

• Understand and use basic phrases (e.g., greetings, introducing themselves).
• Ask and answer simple questions on familiar topics.
• Write short, simple sentences like “I am from Spain” or “I like pizza.”

Example: A tourist in an English-speaking country can ask for directions or order food in a restaurant using simple language.

A2 – Elementary

At the A2 level, a person can:

• Understand common expressions related to shopping, family, and work.
• Communicate in simple, routine tasks requiring a direct exchange of information.
• Write short notes or emails related to everyday needs.

Example: An A2 speaker might be able to describe their job, family, or daily routine in basic terms.

B1 – Intermediate

At the B1 level, a person can:

• Handle most travel situations and discuss familiar topics such as hobbies, work, or school.
• Produce simple, connected text on topics of personal interest.
• Describe experiences, dreams, and goals in greater detail.

Example: A B1 learner can give a short presentation on their favorite hobby or explain the plot of a movie in English.

B2 – Upper Intermediate

At the B2 level, a person can:

• Understand the main ideas of complex texts on both concrete and abstract topics.
• Interact fluently and spontaneously with native speakers.
• Write clear and detailed text on a range of subjects, including essays and reports.

Example: A B2 speaker can actively participate in professional discussions, express opinions on current events, and understand news broadcasts.

C1 – Advanced

At the C1 level, a person can:

• Understand a wide range of demanding texts and recognize implicit meaning.
• Express themselves fluently without much obvious searching for words.
• Use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes.

Example: A C1 learner can read and comprehend complex novels, write detailed reports, and deliver sophisticated presentations in English.

C2 – Proficient

At the C2 level, a person can:

• Understand virtually everything heard or read with ease.
• Summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation.
• Express themselves spontaneously, very fluently, and precisely.

Example: A C2 speaker is close to native-like fluency, able to understand advanced academic texts and engage in intellectual debates.

Why Is CEFR Important?

The CEFR system provides clear benchmarks for language learning and teaching. It:

• Standardizes assessment: CEFR makes it easier for institutions worldwide to assess language skills in a consistent way.
• Sets clear goals: Learners can track their progress and set realistic goals by aiming to reach the next CEFR level.
• International recognition: Many universities, employers, and organizations use CEFR levels to determine language proficiency in entrance exams and job applications.

CEFR and English Proficiency Exams

Many English language proficiency tests align their scoring systems with CEFR levels, including:

• IELTS: Commonly required for university admissions and immigration, IELTS scores range from 1 (non-user) to 9 (expert user), with CEFR levels mapped onto different bands.
  • B1-B2: Band 5-6.5
  • C1: Band 7-8
  • C2: Band 8.5-9
• TOEFL: Another popular test for academic purposes, TOEFL scores range from 0 to 120.
  • B1: 42-71
  • B2: 72-94
  • C1: 95-120
• GET: Global English Test for mostly companies and CV / career purposes, GET scores range from 0 to 100 in line with CEFR C2/C1/B2/B1/A2/A1

How to Determine Your CEFR Level

To determine your CEFR level, you can:

• Take a self-assessment by reviewing CEFR descriptors for each skill (listening, speaking, reading, writing).
• Take an online placement test provided by language learning websites like EF SET or Cambridge Assessment English.
• Enroll in a formal language course that uses the CEFR system to evaluate your progress.

Additional Resources for CEFR and English Learning

• British Council: CEFR Levels: Learn more about CEFR levels and access learning materials for each stage.
• CEFR Official Website: Find the official descriptions and guidelines of the CEFR framework.
• Cambridge English Assessment: Offers tools and exams aligned with CEFR levels for learners of all ages.

The CEFR is a powerful tool for understanding and assessing English proficiency. Whether you’re starting at A1 or aiming for C2, knowing your CEFR level helps you set clear, achievable goals and track your progress effectively. By using the resources and tips mentioned in this guide, you can confidently navigate your language learning journey.